The Impact of the New Constitution on Institutional Stability and Digital Transformation

The draft of the new Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan enshrines sovereignty, independence, the unitary nature of the state, and territorial integrity as immutable values. This provision strengthens legal certainty regarding the fundamental foundations of the state system and is aimed at ensuring institutional stability and continuity in constitutional development.

One of the key substantive elements of the draft is its emphasis on digitalization. For the first time, constitutional provisions are introduced to protect citizens’ rights in the digital environment, including the protection of personal data. This reflects an effort to adapt constitutional regulation to the transformation of social relations in the context of the digital economy.

The introduction of the category of “accelerated development cities,” which allows for the application of special regulatory regimes, deserves positive assessment. This approach expands the toolkit of regional and economic policy and creates conditions for the formation of growth points and the testing of new models of socio-economic development.

At the same time, the exclusion of the constitutional guarantee of free secondary education in state educational institutions requires further consideration from the perspective of ensuring access to education and developing human capital. Given the crucial role of secondary education in ensuring equal starting opportunities, it appears advisable to more clearly define mechanisms for preserving its accessibility and social function.

The removal of the priority of international treaties also necessitates the development of clear mechanisms governing the relationship between national and international law. In this context, maintaining legal certainty and consistency in the implementation of the international obligations of the Republic of Kazakhstan becomes particularly important.

Nurmanova Biken Zeynullovna,

Senior Lecturer, Department of Economics,

Higher School of Economics and Business,

Al-Farabi Kazakh National University.