Opportunities for rational use of water resources
According to forecasts, in the near future the sectors of the national economy of the country will experience water shortage. Of the 6,300 settlements in 17 provinces of Kazakhstan, 65-70 percent are located in the desert and semi-desert zone, with 19.8 million population ranking last in Central Asian countries in terms of water availability per capita. Water resources mainly through transboundary rivers come from other states: PRC (Irtysh, Ile), Central Asian countries (Syr Darya, Talas, Shu), Russia (Volga, Ural). According to the study, the volume of water resources of the RK is 90-100 cubic kilometers. Of these, 50.8 cubic kilometers is local flow. Groundwater reserves amount to 15.5 cubic kilometers per year. There are many water bodies in the country: Bukhtarma, Koksarai, Nura, Kapshagai, Tasotkel, Ters-Ashchybulak, Shar, Shardara and others. Today, the area of irrigated land in the country's agriculture is 1.8 million hectares, and by 2025-2030 it is planned to increase it to 3 million hectares.
80 percent of irrigated lands are located mainly in five provinces of the southern economic region - Zhetysu, Almaty, Zhambyl, Turkestan, and Kyzylorda. Limited water resources in Kazakhstan and increasing tendency of glaciers rich in climate change require its effective utilization in agriculture. The small number of water resources in the country is the main constraint in the development of agriculture. Indicates the need for transition to the use of innovation results in the economical use of water resources. At the same time, accelerated development of agricultural sectors and growth of export potential will not be realized without introduction of innovations in the agro-industrial complex of the country.
The main goal of the country's agrarian policy is to prepare high-quality export-oriented food products. Introduced innovations, i.e. "smart technologies", should give an impetus to the development of the agro-industrial complex. In the development of agrarian science directly participates in the platform of creation of innovation database of Al-Farabi KazNU. Priority directions of increasing efficiency of water resources use in agriculture should be: cultivation of low-water crops, drip irrigation; use of domestic research results in production of crops and livestock species and seeds, further development of innovative roadmaps and digitalization; regulation of groundwater abstraction order; rational placement of water wells on the territory; determination of water use indicators; provision of voluntary water release on the surface of the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The directions of rational utilization of the given water resources are based on the development of sectors of the national economy of the country.
The teaching staff of the Management Department, supporting the message of the Head of State, defining the priority directions of the country's economy development, put all their knowledge and experience into its realization.
Onalbek ABRALIYEV,
Ph.professor of management chairs
