Today, taking into account the main challenges of our time - global and regional changes in the environment, geography and related sciences: meteorology, hydrology, geodesy and cartography, land management, cadastre, GIS technologies, tourism are very important areas of national security and sustainable development of our country. The issues of climate change and adaptation, water and energy security are coming to the fore.

Only geography can help to comprehensively assess the space, territory, resource potential, the possibility of making decisions based on constant monitoring of ongoing processes, identifying the most important trends, which allows us to develop effective mechanisms for adaptation and increasing sustainability.

The purpose of the center is to identify patterns of interaction between nature and society in the context of global environmental change, including the development and implementation of green technologies for the rational use of natural resources for the sustainable development of the regions of Kazakhstan.

Priority research includes: natural and anthropogenic dynamics of geosystems, soils, topography and landscapes, development of scientific foundations for nature conservation, regional features of sustainable development, geoinformation technologies and mapping.

The tasks of the center:

• development of scientific and methodological foundations for the provision of geographical and environmental education, interdisciplinary connections and improvement of their content, as well as work on the introduction of innovative technologies and the final results of scientific research in the field of education;
• study of natural and anthropogenic changes in the environment and implementation of nature protection measures for sustainable development;
• scientific and methodological support of scientific projects and consulting on the implementation of scientific works;
• creation of a dialogue platform for scientists and specialists in the development of green technologies;
• strengthening cooperation with research and educational institutions and organizations of a geographical and environmental profile;
• solving the problems of regional geoecology and regional geoecological monitoring;
• development of methodology and theory of formation of aquatic land complexes and their ecological status;
• consideration of the problems of remote sensing of the Earth;
• development of systems of methods for ecological and geographical assessment of the region based on a system of geoecological models;
• assessment of threats to biological diversity;
• development of approaches to ecological and geographical assessment of the territory in order to maintain ecological diversity;
• analysis of dynamics and forecasting of landscape-geochemical processes in desert, steppe, forest-steppe regions of Kazakhstan;
• landscape and geographical support of environmental policy in the environmental management of the regions of Kazakhstan;
• analysis of socio-geographical processes and modernization of territorial structures of Kazakhstan in the context of national priorities and global challenges of the XXI century;
• atlas mapping and mathematical modeling of the territorial transformation of nature, economy and population of Kazakhstan.

There are 10 laboratories in the scientific center:

1) Climate and modeling laboratory,

2) Digital cartography and applied geodesy laboratory,

3) Global Sky laboratory,

4) Sustainable tourism laboratory,

5) Modeling the dynamics of the qualitative composition of water resources laboratory,

6) Geoinformation analysis of landscape degradation laboratory,

7) Geodemographic and socio-economic researches laboratory,

8) Environmental safety laboratory,

9) Soil ecology laboratory,

10) Environmental monitoring and sustainable development laboratory.

More information:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_dafGu5Mtgs

https://web.telegram.org/a/#-1001789577427_37039

https://t.me/SayasatNurbek/7912м

https://t.me/SayasatNurbek/7913

https://www.facebook.com/share/eRwSmFPpx8NZL1jX/

https://www.facebook.com/share/v/uQhqqhnSJ6A7KXGo/

https://www.facebook.com/share/v/uQhqqhnSJ6A7KXGo/

https://dknews.kz/ru/dk-life/321661-kaznu-na-peredovoy-nauki-otkryty-10-innovacionnyh

https://dknews.kz/kz/kazak-tilindegi-makalalar/321662-kazuu-ozyk-gylymda-turakty-damu-ushin-10

https://qazaq.asia/newskz/az-y-ozy-ylymda-t-ra-ty-damy-shin-10-innovaciialy-zerthana-ashyldy/

https://aikyn.kz/264721/k-azu-u-da-tu-rak-ty-damu-mak-sattaryn-iske-asyratyn-10-innovaciyalyk--zerthana-ashyldy

Head of the laboratory: Cherednichenko Vladimir Sergeevich, Doctor of Geographical Sciences, Professor

The purpose of the laboratory is to study the manifestation of regional climate changes in the territory of Kazakhstan.

Climate change is understood as long-term temperature changes and changes in weather conditions. These changes can be natural, caused by changes in the activity of the Sun or large volcanic eruptions and anthropogenic. The study showed the cyclical nature of climate change in 120,000 years and the contribution of anthropogenic influence is 0.17%.

The SMIR 5 model will be used as the main modeling tool, with a basic forecast of RCP 4.5 (if there is sufficient time, the RCP 8.5 scenario will be added), convenient maps with a projection of seasonal changes in temperature and precipitation for the period up to 2050 with a discreteness of 10 years will be presented for colleagues from parallel subjects.

The laboratory was established on the basis of the Department of Meteorology and Hydrology. The department is the largest training base in the Republic for highly qualified meteorologists. The uniqueness of the department is that the department has preserved the fundamental scientific school. The department maintains stable relations with Russian universities such as the Russian State Hydrometeorological University, Moscow State University.

Laboratory scientists are developing new methods for solving such a complex task as modeling climate systems. This problem is currently being solved by numerical analysis of complex systems of equations, such as, for example, Models of the general circulation of the atmosphere and ocean. This approach faces significant difficulties, primarily due to the inability to take into account all the factors at work.

The laboratory scientists intend to develop a fundamentally different approach: forecasting will be based on empirical models obtained from direct analysis of the spatial and temporal dependencies of certain parameters of the climate system.

Solving these tasks will make it possible to predict in advance such extreme events as storms, droughts, heavy precipitation, forest fires, etc., to assess and compare the degree of influence that natural and anthropogenic factors have on global warming.

The results of the work and their novelty. The establishment of the laboratory can contribute to the accelerated development of improved climate forecasts and climate services in Kazakhstan.

Head of the laboratory: Asylbekova Aizhan Asylbekovna, PhD Doctor, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Cartography and Geoinformatics

The purpose of the laboratory is to realize the accumulated research potential of scientists, teaching staff and students of the Department of Cartography and Geoinformatics to solve the problems of the agricultural, construction, mining sectors of the economy of Kazakhstan.

The laboratory's activities are aimed at solving problems in the following areas:

1. Engineering services.
2. Participation in research projects, in GF and PCF competitions
3. Consulting and educational services.

In the laboratory's activities, the indicators for performing these tasks are:

1. The State program of digital development of agriculture E-APK;
2. The concept of the development of the geological industry until 2030;
3. The State program of housing and communal development "Nurly Zher" for 2020-2025; the State program of infrastructural development of the Republic of Kazakhstan "Nurly Zhol" for 2020-2025.

The financing of the laboratory's activities will be carried out on the basis of:

• applied research and orders from private firms and industry organizations;
• orders within the framework of grant and program-targeted projects;
• contractual work with organizations within the framework of an accredited laboratory.

Estimated sources of income:

• advanced training courses for students and IT specialists;
• applied research within the framework of grant works;
• scientific and applied research within the framework of industry work;
• contractual work within the framework of an accredited laboratory. 

 Marketing and sales strategy:

1. The marketing strategy in the target market involves increasing the volume and types of work provided, opening an accredited laboratory with an increase in demand for scientific and applied research and contractual work. With successful development, it is possible to enter innovative markets.
2. The development strategy of the laboratory is determined by monitoring the needs of services among potential and prospective customers, the possibility of a flexible pricing policy.
3. The marketing strategy in the service market is primarily aimed at avoiding a negative image of the laboratory. As the services are promoted, marketing research is possible.
4. The marketing strategy of pricing involves the provision of applied research and scientific and technical works with a small number of analogues.
5. The analysis of the marketing strategy involves updating the services provided, calculating and forecasting risks, focusing on the work in demand at a certain moment.

The development plan and tasks of the laboratory:

1. Performing applied works and scientific and applied research for the agro-industrial, construction, oil and gas, mining sectors of the economy;
2.  Implementation of applied works within the framework of grant and state budget financing;
3. Implementation of applied works within the framework of international projects;
4. Collection and processing of information for submitting articles to scientific journals. 

Laboratory tasks will be performed by laboratory staff, as well as additional personnel involved.

Laboratory equipment

• Workplaces with computers (monoblocks) for staff accommodation;
• copying equipment (MFPs);
• specialized equipment and devices;
• Aircraft (quadrocopter) DJI Mavic 3 Multispectral with DJI D-RTK 2 High Precision GNSS Mobile Station GNSS Radio Receiver;
• GNSS receiver SP85 in full kit (base, rover); GNSS receiver E-Survey E300 IMU Pro with VHF in full kit (base, rover);
• GPR kit MG-250/700MZ, GPR kit Triton-M 25/50/100;
• SOKKIA-530R electronic total station, FOCUS electronic total station, South electronic total station;
• Electronic level SPRINTER 50, 250;
• Traceroute receiver;
• applied GIS programs;
• compact safe for storing portable devices and documents.

Head of the Laboratory: Vitaly G. Salnikov, Doctor of Geographical Sciences, Professor, Department of Meteorology and Hydrology

The Innovative Laboratory of Atmospheric Research was established with the aim of developing and implementing advanced technologies and methods for a deeper understanding of atmospheric processes, forecasting weather and the effects of climate change, as well as creating innovative solutions in the field of sustainability and atmospheric air quality management.

The laboratory's activities focus on several areas that are very important for the country's economy:

1. Research of atmospheric hazards and risks associated with the consequences of global and regional climate changes, such as droughts and jute, thaws and severe frosts, as well as the creation of an early warning system.

2. To study the dynamics of the available potential of alternative energy sources in the context of reducing the carbon footprint to achieve carbon neutrality.

3. Study and testing of new methods of active effects on atmospheric processes.

4. Study of modern problems of atmospheric air pollution in order to create a quality management system.

Competitive advantages of the laboratory:

Technological leadership: The laboratory has access to modern technologies and tools for collecting and analyzing specialized data (for example, a meteorological temperature profiler - a remote sensing instrument that measures radiation in the boundary layer of the atmosphere at altitudes from 0 to 1000 meters), numerical chemical-atmospheric models (WRF-Chem - Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model coupled with Chemistry) and others.

Expertise and experience: The laboratory team consists of highly qualified specialists with many years of experience in the field of atmospheric research, which ensures a high level of expertise and research.

Innovative methods and approaches: The laboratory has the potential to develop new methods and approaches to the study of the atmosphere, such as the use of Internet of Things (IoT) technology to collect data on weather and atmospheric parameters; satellite observations and remote sensing; methods of modeling and simulation of atmospheric processes; hybridization of mathematical methods using artificial intelligence and neural networks.

Interdisciplinary approach: The laboratory brings together specialists from various fields of science, such as meteorology, hydrology, geography, geoinformatics, ecology, mathematics, artificial intelligence, Big data, computer modeling and others, which contributes to the comprehensive study of atmospheric processes and their interaction with the environment.

Cooperation and partnership: The Laboratory actively cooperates with scientific research institutes, universities, government organizations and private companies at both national and international levels, which facilitates the exchange of knowledge, experience and resources.

Relevance of the results: The results of the work of the innovative laboratory of atmospheric research can be in demand by a wide range of users, including:

1. Government agencies and services:

• Kazhydromet: to improve weather forecasts, early warning of natural disasters and air quality monitoring.
• Akimats at all levels, as well as ministries and departments responsible for ecology, agriculture, energy, transport and water resources management: to make informed decisions, optimize resource use and reduce risks associated with weather and climate.
• Emergency services: to effectively respond to natural disasters and minimize their consequences.

2. The private sector:

• Subsurface users to reduce the risks of exceeding the limits of atmospheric air pollution and the environment in general.
•  Agricultural enterprises: to optimize agricultural production, increase yields and reduce weather-related risks.
• Energy companies: to forecast energy demand, optimize the operation of power plants and develop renewable energy sources.
• Insurance companies: to assess weather and climate-related risks and develop insurance products.
• Transportation companies: to optimize routes, reduce the risks of delays and improve transportation safety.
• Travel companies: to forecast weather conditions and attract tourists.

3. The scientific community:

• Universities and research institutes: to conduct further research in the field of atmospheric sciences, develop new technologies and models.
• International organizations: for climate monitoring, assessment of climate change risks and development of adaptation and mitigation measures.

4. Population: to get information about the weather, air quality and disaster risks.

5. Mass media: to inform the public about the weather, climate and the environment.

Atmospheric research is closely integrated with the Sustainable Development Goals: SDG 2 - Ending hunger, ensuring food security, SDG 3 - Good health and well-being, SDG 4 - Quality education, SDG 7 - Affordable and clean energy, SDG 9 - Industry, innovation and infrastructure, SDG 11 - Sustainable cities and human settlements, SDG 13 - Combating climate change, SDG 15 - Conservation of terrestrial ecosystems, SDG 17 - Partnership for Sustainable Development.

The GlobalSky Laboratory at Al-Farabi Kazakh National University is an important component of academic and scientific activities, contributing to the development of scientific potential, attracting talented specialists and strengthening the university's position as a leader in the field of atmospheric sciences.

Head of the laboratory: Artemyev Alexander Mikhailovich, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Honored Instructor of Tourism of the Republic of Kazakhstan

The Laboratory continues the traditions of the only scientific school of tourism geography in Kazakhstan, created by the founder of the department, Professor S.R. Yerdavletov.

The purpose of the Sustainable Tourism Laboratory is to implement the trend of sustainable development of territories through the synergetic effect of tourism in the context of socio–economic development of the region.

Tasks:

1. Conducting comprehensive studies to assess the current state of the tourism sector, taking into account its impact on the environment, socio-cultural aspects and economic development. Identification of key issues and challenges for sustainable tourism development.

2. Development of innovative methods and tools for assessing the sustainability of tourist destinations. Development of recommendations on the implementation of the principles of sustainable tourism in various fields of tourism activity.

3. Development of training programs and seminars for representatives of the tourism industry, the academic environment and the tourist community. Support and dissemination of knowledge on sustainable tourism through publications, webinars and other educational formats.

4. Preparation and implementation of pilot sustainable tourism projects with an emphasis on environmental and socio-cultural responsibility, as well as support for local communities. Evaluating the effectiveness and replication of successful practices in various geographical contexts.

5. Establishment and development of partnerships with representatives of the tourism business, government agencies, educational and research institutions and public organizations. Active cooperation with international research centers on sustainable tourism.

6. Participation in the development and promotion of standards and certification procedures for sustainable tourism enterprises and projects. Encouraging the implementation and observance of the principles of sustainability by participants in the tourism market.

7. Implementation of a system for monitoring and assessing the sustainability of tourism initiatives. Providing feedback and recommendations for continuous improvement of practices and strategies in the field of sustainable tourism.

Within the framework of the project, comprehensive studies will be carried out to assess the current state of the tourism sector and its impact on the environment, socio-cultural aspects and economic development.

The participation of the Sustainable Tourism Laboratory in the Mega-project is due to the multiplicative effect of tourism activities in the economy, ecology, and social sphere, affecting more than 30 business sectors.

In the economy, it is the creation of new jobs and an attractive investment climate in the service sector.

In the social sphere, it is the preservation of cultural and historical heritage, the revival of national identity, the strengthening of social unity, the demonstration of openness and traditional Kazakh hospitality.

In the field of environmental sustainability – conservation of natural resources, environmental education, education of responsible attitude to the unique nature of Kazakhstan based on the principles of sustainability and patriotism.

In cooperation with partners and other project participants, comprehensive studies will be carried out to assess the current state of the tourism sector and its impact on the environment, socio-cultural aspects and economic development.

Taking into account the identified problems and challenges, an assessment of the total tourism potential, risks and prospects for sustainability will be carried out, scientific recommendations on the implementation of the principles of sustainable tourism in various spheres of tourist activity will be developed.

Economic efficiency is achieved through the introduction of innovative methods and approaches to sustainable tourism, which contribute to increasing the competitiveness of tourism enterprises and attracting investment in the industry. Practical solutions for the formation of a modern “green” infrastructure can support the growth of tourist activity and a corresponding increase in income. At the same time, the implementation of sustainable tourism projects supported by the laboratory can contribute to stimulating the local economy through the development of small and medium-sized businesses, creating new jobs and increasing the volume of consumption of goods and services.

Environmental efficiency is due to the expansion of the possibility of preserving natural resources through the development of methods for the sustainable use of natural resources aimed at minimizing the negative impact of tourism on ecosystems. The laboratory's projects in the field of environmental education and enlightenment will contribute to the formation of an ecological culture among tourists, which is important for the preservation of the natural environment. The introduction of innovative practices and technologies can help reduce the carbon footprint of tourism by reducing greenhouse gas emissions and maintaining climate sustainability.

Social effectiveness is manifested in the support of local communities. Sustainable tourism projects will promote the involvement of the local population in tourism activities and contribute to the preservation of cultural heritage. Educational and cultural programs aimed at developing the knowledge and skills of local residents have a positive impact on the quality of life. At the same time, the development of sustainable tourism contributes to the creation of new jobs, which is important for reducing unemployment and improving the well-being of the population.

As a practical tool and as a result of research, databases will be compiled and assessment maps created, calculations of tourist and recreational load will be performed, the route tourist network will be adapted, calculation methods improved, training programs for business representatives and local communities, including guides, educational events organized, monitoring programs worked out.

The results of the work will be used by authorized bodies for planning and management, tourist enterprises and organizations – to ensure the sustainability of the development of project territories in the process of doing business, protected areas – to assess the recreational load on tourist routes and ecological trails, educational institutions – in the training and retraining of personnel, scientific organizations – to form the scientific basis for sustainable development of the regional tourism, local communities – for the organization of tourist services and the development of infrastructure in the field of tourism and hospitality. The social effect is also important – fostering respect for natural and cultural-historical sites, patriotism, demonstration of openness and hospitality, formation of an attractive tourist image of the region.

At this stage, in the first six months, a methodological research base has been prepared, a situational analysis on the ground has been performed, key indicators for assessing the sustainability of tourism development have been identified, author's models of regional tourism development in the West Kazakhstan region have been developed and an appropriate author's certificate has been obtained, an article has been prepared in a rating journal included in the Scopus database, preparations for field research are underway.

The main task of assessing the socio-economic development of the West Kazakhstan region in the context of sustainable development is solved on the basis of the GSTC-D criteria developed by the Global Council for Sustainable Tourism in order to ensure a common understanding of tourism sustainability. The criteria are grouped into four main themes: sustainable management; socio-economic impacts; cultural impacts; environmental impacts and applicable to the entire tourism sector.

All global criteria for sustainable tourism are attached directly related to the UNDP Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and are used:

• as a basis for sustainability certification;
• as basic guidelines for tourist destinations that want to become more sustainable;
•  to help consumers identify successful sustainable tourist destinations;
• as a guide for the media to recognize destinations as sustainable and inform the public about it;
• in order to assist in the implementation of certification programs and other programs at the level of destinations in ensuring that their standards comply with generally accepted basic indicators;
• when developing government and non-government programs, as well as private sector programs, as a starting point for developing requirements for the development of sustainable tourism;
• as basic guidelines for educational institutions and organizations for professional training in the field of tourism and hospitality;
• to demonstrate leadership that inspires others to take action.

Although these criteria relate mainly to the place and not to the authority, many of them can be initiated and applied through the destination Management Organization (DMO), responsible for a coordinated approach to the development of sustainable tourism within the territory, as well as individual tourism enterprises, other facilities and forms of economic activity and entrepreneurship.

It should be noted that the criteria indicate what should be done, not how to do it or whether the goal has been achieved. This role is fulfilled through performance indicators, relevant training materials and access to implementation tools, which are an integral complement to the global criteria for sustainable development, which, in fact, is one of the main objectives of the project.

Head of the Laboratory: Lyudmila Mikhailovna Pavlichenko – Doctor of Geographical Sciences, Professor of the Department of Recreational Geography and Tourism, Faculty of Geography and Environmental Management

The purpose of the laboratory is to model the dynamics of the qualitative composition of water resources, which includes several aspects:

1. Investigation of water quality parameters: The laboratory analyzes and evaluates various water quality parameters, such as pollution levels, the content of various chemicals, etc.

2. Assessment of the impact of anthropogenic factors: The laboratory examines the impact of anthropogenic activities on water quality, such as discharges of treated wastewater from industrial enterprises and utilities, drainage of irrigation waters of agricultural massifs and animal stall facilities, etc.

3. Modeling the dynamics of changes in water quality: Using mathematical models of dilution of wastewater discharges or discharge of contaminated groundwater, the laboratory creates models that allow predicting changes in water quality along a river stream.

4. Identification of natural and anthropogenic processes that form the actual measured concentrations and composition of water quality indicators, with the construction of a map of the territorial dynamics of the intensity of the identified processes based on the use of multidimensional statistical models.

5. Development of measures to improve water quality: Based on the results of field research, surface and groundwater quality monitoring data and modeling, the laboratory offers recommendations and strategies for possible improvement of water quality and pollution prevention.

The purpose of the laboratory is to assess and predict the dynamics of the qualitative composition of groundwater and surface waters based on the use of multidimensional statistical and analytical mathematical models.

The results of the models provide the development of water quality management methods aimed at improving the environmental sustainability of aquatic ecosystems and ensuring the safety of water resources.

Laboratory tasks:

1. Preparation of initial data on the qualitative composition of water resources (pollution parameters, pollution sources, data on the current state of water bodies);

2. Analysis of the chemical composition of water resources at the research site;

3. Performing multispectral surveys of surface water resources and creating an orthophotoplane;

4. Determination of complex indicators of water quality and analysis of possible sources of pollution and the nature of interaction with groundwater;

5. Construction of maps of the territorial dynamics of the intensity of the processes of formation of surface water quality identified by mathematical methods.

When performing research in the laboratory, the following equipment is used: a portable laboratory for water quality analysis; laying-laboratory "VHF-2" for field chemical control; an aircraft (DJI Mavic 3 Multispectral quadcopter), etc. In addition, the laboratory is currently transferring a multidimensional statistical software package to a new modern level - a complete model of component analysis with the construction of the type of main components, the objective interpretation of which provides the identification of natural and anthropogenic factors of changes in the quality of water resources and the territorial distribution of the intensity of their impact. 

The laboratory analyzes the composition of water resources for the presence of various pollutants and determines their level, which makes it possible to assess the degree of environmental impact and take measures to reduce the negative impact on ecosystems.

The use of the analysis results makes it possible to take measures to protect public health and prevent the spread of infections through water.

Laboratory data will allow government agencies and local executive bodies to make informed decisions related to the use of water resources, and will help determine the need to introduce additional measures for the purification and protection of water resources.

The laboratory can contribute to the achievement of SDG 6 through the development and application of innovative methods and models to improve water quality control and management, which in turn can contribute to the conservation and restoration of water ecosystems.

The development of an innovative software package that implements a complete model of component (factor) analysis allows us to judge specific natural and anthropogenic processes and the intensity of their manifestation in the formation of water quality, unlike all advertised statistical complexes, where the model of factor (component) analysis is limited to determining only eigenvalues and eigenvectors that do not take into account the distribution of the values of the initial parameters by observation points. The use of such limited models in cognitive modeling can lead to errors in the development of management decisions.

Head of the laboratory: Tokbergenova Aigul Abdugapparovna, Candidate of Geographical Sciences, Associate Professor. Head of the Department of Geography, Land Management and Cadastre

The main task of the laboratory is to monitor, evaluate and predict the processes of landscape degradation and develop scientifically sound recommendations for preventing degradation processes using geoinformation technologies (GIS) and remote sensing.

The laboratory conducts research on the restoration of degraded landscapes and land management using remote sensing data. The laboratory's work is aimed at the implementation of Goals 13 and 15 of the UN SDGs.

The uniqueness of the laboratory lies in the use of remote sensing data to monitor and predict the processes of landscape degradation, as well as in the compilation of models for short- and long-term forecasting of the degree of risk of desertification and the resilience of landscapes to anthropogenic impact in the context of climate change. Researchers have the opportunity to work internationally with international partners such as the Institute of Water Resources, Environment and Health of the United Nations University (Canada), the International Rice Research Institute (Philippines) and Michigan State University (USA).

The main areas of work are Monitoring, assessment and analysis of risks, cartographic modeling and forecasting of processes of degradation of landscapes and land resources. Development of scientifically based recommendations and requirements to prevent further degradation and restoration of damaged landscapes, as well as the introduction of innovative methods of rational land use.

Research results: assessment and application maps of the development of desertification processes have been developed; using long-term remote sensing data, a model for predicting the degree of desertification risk in the southern region of the republic has been developed; recommendations on the secondary use of collector waters for irrigation of arable land have been developed; recommendations on improving methods of phytomelioration-fixing sands of degraded pastures with woody, shrubby and herbaceous vegetation (based on new genotypes of drought-resistant plants). Currently, the research group is working on compiling a model for the effective use of agricultural landscapes against the background of global climate change and a decrease in water resources of transboundary rivers using remote sensing data to increase yields and rational use of agricultural land

We work together and provide the results to the Committee on Land Management of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Kazakhstan (KUZR of the Ministry of Agriculture), the Department of Land Cadastre, the Department of Agrochemical, Soil Surveys and Complex Survey Work of the NAO "State Corporation "Government for Citizens" and local executive bodies (MIO).

Head of the laboratory: Gulnara Nurmukhamedovna Nyusupova, Doctor of Geographical Sciences, Professor

The laboratory is based on the basis of the only demographic school in the republic, which explores such aspects as the relationship of demographic processes with social and economic factors.

The purpose of the laboratory: To conduct comprehensive research in the field of geodemography, social and economic geography, includes the study of demographic processes and trends, analysis of socio-economic phenomena and their spatial differentiation, as well as assessment of the impact of these factors on the sustainable development of regions and society.

To achieve these goals, the laboratory is equipped with modern computer and office equipment, ArcGIS Pro software, GPSMAP 67 GPS navigator, DJI Air 3 Fly More Combo (RC 2) quadcopter, Canon EOS R6 Mark II RF 24-105 F4-7.1 IS STM system camera and other peripherals and network equipment totaling 20.8 million tenge.

Within the framework of geodemographic and socio-economic research, in recent years, the scientists of our laboratory have implemented several research projects. An electronic atlas of socio-demographic processes of the Republic of Kazakhstan has been compiled, based on the methodology of a comprehensive spatial assessment of the quality of life of the population of Kazakhstan, the geographic information portal AIS KZHN of the regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan was created for the first time on the GIS platform. The author's methodology for calculating the integral KZHN index based on selected 31 key indicators for demographic, social, economic and natural-ecological blocks has been developed. A GIS functionality has been developed, where vector cartographic data of the Republic of Kazakhstan is loaded using an open source cartographic server – Mapserver, which serve as the basis for thematic and integral maps of KZHN indicators. According to the results, articles were published in the highly rated journals Scopus, Web of Science, textbooks, monographs and author's certificates were obtained. Also, at the moment, within the framework of SDG 11 “Sustainable cities and human settlements”, our laboratory is working on a comprehensive assessment of the sustainable development of large cities of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

The research group, within the framework of the mega-project, plans to conduct a sociological survey of the population in the West Kazakhstan region along with the analysis of official statistical data to identify the level of quality of life of the population. The labor market and labor resources will be studied, migration movements of the population will be monitored, demographic forecasts and models of socio-economic development will be developed based on the geospatial data obtained. The research results will be published in peer-reviewed scientific journals and monographs.

The research and scientific results of the laboratory are used in the development of State programs and social projects aimed at improving the quality of life of the population, which in turn will have a positive impact on the socio-economic development of the republic. Spatial Databases and their analytics developed by the laboratory can be used for planning and forecasting sustainable development of human capital, attracting internal and external investments, reflecting the potential development opportunities of the regions of the republic.

Head of the laboratory: Askarova Maulken Akishevna, Doctor of Geographical Sciences, Professor of the Department of Geography, Land Management and Cadastre

Objective: to develop scientific and applied aspects of environmental safety management based on a comprehensive study of the ecological state of natural and economic systems in Kazakhstan in the context of sustainable development.

Tasks:

1. To develop the concept of environmental safety management of natural and economic systems of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

2. To conduct research on the identification and identification of existing environmental challenges and threats in Kazakhstan as an information basis for ensuring environmental safety.

3. To develop a classification of all types of challenges and threats of a natural and anthropogenic nature in the Republic of Kazakhstan.

4. To investigate and assess the levels of environmental safety in the natural and economic systems of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

5. To develop a scientifically based comprehensive system of measures to manage the environmental safety of natural and economic systems of Kazakhstan. 

The results of the study:

According to the objectives, the concept of environmental safety has been developed, which consists of 2 blocks: a database and information and an action block. The first block provides for the collection of information and databases, the research area and characteristics of the characteristics of their natural environment, the identification and identification of environmental challenges and threats, followed by their systematization. Regarding global threats, we will study the impact of climate change in the regional aspect on environmental security, among the regional threats are the ecological state of the transboundary Zhaiyk River and its tributaries, and the biodiversity of the region. Hydrocarbon production sites and atmospheric pollution will be investigated as local threats.

The first block also includes a component-by-component assessment, that is, by components of the natural environment: by atmospheric environment, this is air pollution, hydrosphere environment - this is pollution of rivers and reservoirs and lithospheric environment, which represents the degradation and desertification of land resources and soils of the West Kazakhstan region. We will also be able to study the impact of pollution on the health of the local population and make a map of the environmental risk to the health of the population of the studied region, based on an assessment of environmental safety levels. Then a general integrated assessment of environmental safety levels will be given separately for four regions, and for the entire West Kazakhstan region.

To calculate the component-by-component and integral assessment of environmental safety, author's methods and special calculation formulas will be proposed. The necessary data for calculating the environmental safety assessment will be kindly provided to us by our colleagues in the Megagrant as a result of field and experimental work by their laboratories in relation to the West Kazakhstan region. Since we have a modular principle of research work, each laboratory should rely on the data of its colleagues in the consortium conducted and received today in the study of a particular problem. 

The second block has an applied aspect, i.e., according to the algorithm of the conceptual scheme developed by us, it includes actions in different environmental situations of changing the natural environment in conditions of natural or man-made disasters. This is the analysis of alternatives and the choice of management decisions, then the implementation of management decisions and controlling. The management measures we offer can be used in the following 4 environmental situations:

• in a natural background environmental situation
• in a background hazardous environmental situation
• in an extreme environmental situation
• in a post-extreme environmental situation

The next stage is controlling, it is a comprehensive event management support system aimed at coordinating the interaction of management systems and monitoring their effectiveness. That is, it includes both monitoring of planning, organization and action and monitoring of their implementation.

The work has an important economic, ecological and social effect, since sustainable development is their harmonious combination.

The economic effect is achieved through the most efficient and rational use of available resources to ensure stable economic activity and eliminate or minimize possible external and internal challenges and threats to their degradation.

The ecological effect consists in the identification, systematization and assessment of environmental challenges and threats of a natural and man-made nature. Recommendation of measures for environmental safety management in various environmental situations.

The social effect is determined by recommendations on environmental safety management under extreme environmental conditions (emergencies), ensuring the safety of life and preventing human casualties, material damage, and environmental degradation.

Thus, achieving sustainable development by creating a favorable and clean environment for living and living, ensuring the protection of natural resources and biodiversity, avoiding man-made accidents and catastrophes is sustainable development.

Head of the laboratory: Mukanova Gulzhanat Amangeldikyzy, PhD, Associate Professor, Acting Professor of the UNESCO Department of Sustainable Development

The Laboratory of Soil Ecology of the Faculty of Geography and Environmental Management of Al-Farabi Kazakh National University was established with the financial support of the KN of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

The purpose of the laboratory is to carry out fundamental and applied scientific research, taking into account the directions of development of science, education and their implementation in the educational process.

The main task of the laboratory is to solve fundamental problems of soil science, ecology and environmental management related to the formation, functioning, conservation and reproduction of soils of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Functions - Research of natural and anthropogenic environmental factors, monitoring, creation of GIS of research objects, creation of a spatial and temporal database and mapping of work results for the purpose of sustainable and stable development of agricultural, industrial and other sectors of the regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

His research interests include: soil science genesis, morphology, geography and cartography of soils, their classification, evolution, ecological functions, general problems of the theory and history of soil science; monitoring of soil chemical composition in order to assess their ecological condition; soil zoology, as well as soil biodiagnostics.

The integration of these knowledge blocks will make it possible to qualitatively assess the ecosystem functions of soils as the basis of the biological diversity of terrestrial ecosystems.

The laboratory is equipped with the latest equipment - 99-0578-00 GBC SavantAA Atomic absorption spectrometer; Biological microscope; Desktop soil laboratory NPL-2; Satchel soil laboratory RPL-3; pH meter/ionomer ITAN; Analytical scales VL-124V; Laboratory scales VLTE-510C; etc., which allows you to solve the following tasks:

• to evaluate the main chemical, morphological and physical indicators of the state of soils and soils;
• determine the components in the soil ammonium nitrogen, cation exchange capacity, calcium and magnesium in total, carbonate and bicarbonate ions, etc;
• analysis of solid and liquid samples for the content of various metals in them (most of the periodic table), as well as for quality control of finished products.
•  study of low-contrast tissue cell cultures, liquid precipitation, etc.

The main areas of research:

• assessment of the current ecological state of soils and monitoring of their transformations under conditions of anthropogenic impact;
• study of the physico-chemical and biological properties of soils of technogenically disturbed soils and the establishment of their reclamation potential;
• study of meso- and microfauna of soils as bioindicators of ecological status.

The objects of the study are soils from different regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

The laboratory staff carries out research work throughout the republic.

An electronic database of physico-chemical and geochemical information is being created as the basis for complex monitoring observations and forecasting the development of environmentally hazardous processes. The modern park of devices in the laboratory meets all requirements, all means of equipment are included in the state register of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

The results obtained:

• Cartographic material is presented on the geosystems of the river basins of the southeastern part of the Balkhash region, for use by local authorities and other interested persons.
• Environmental protection measures have been developed for the rational use of natural resources aimed at improving the processes of development of water, land and biotic resources of the Karatal-Lepsinsky interfluve.
• on the map of anthropogenic modification of the Karatal-Lepsinsky Interfluve, 5 types of anthropogenic modifications inherent in this territory are identified. A strong degree of degradation of pastures is observed in the Srednekaratalskaya, Sredneaksa geosystems, a high degree of degradation is observed everywhere in sandy massifs.
• to solve the local problems of the studied region, it is recommended to use a geosystem-basin approach;
• A component analysis of the landscapes of the Karatal, Aksu and Lepsin macrogeosystems identified the genetic components of the bioproductivity dispersion, giving a predominant role to groundwater (58.49%), highlighting a significant role (33.11%) to the factor of variability of geomorphological conditions (the factor of geographical runoff) and a small (8.41%) role of surface waters.
• The dynamics of soil processes in the Akdalinsky irrigation massif has been studied and methods for improving rice crops have been proposed;
• An ecological and geochemical assessment of heavy metal pollution in the territory of the Donskoy GOK in Khromtau was carried out.
• The ability of oil-contaminated soils to withstand anthropogenic stress has been studied.

Head of the laboratory: Bazarbayeva Tursynkul Amankeldievna, PhD, Associate Professor, Head of the UNESCO Department of Sustainable Development

Laboratory of Environmental Monitoring and Sustainable Development of the Faculty of Geography and Environmental Management of Al-Farabi Kazakh National University

The purpose of the laboratory is to conduct comprehensive research on indicators of sustainable development goals, monitoring the environment and natural resources.

The uniqueness of the laboratory lies in the determination of basic indicators of the state of the environment, such as air quality, water, soil, pollution levels, etc.; development of methods for collecting data and monitoring changes based on geodetic measurements, photogrammetry, data from UAVs (unmanned aerial vehicle) and remote sensing; analysis of remote sensing data and images obtained from unmanned aerial vehicles, to identify changes in the physical, geographical and landscape cover; creation of digital maps and models of ecosystems using GIS to visualize and analyze the state of ecosystems.

Practical significance - the research results serve as an important material in the application of optimal methods and methods of irrigation of agricultural fields in arid regions, optimal management of water resources and their adaptation to climate change.

The main task of the laboratory is to study the impact of anthropogenic factors on the geoecosystems of the republic, using GIS technologies,

• development of recommendations for improving the condition of environmental components.
• creation of innovative solutions in the field of sustainable development of the regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan,
• mprovement of environmental monitoring methods.

Functions - Research of natural and anthropogenic environmental factors, monitoring, creation of GIS of research objects, creation of a spatial and temporal database and mapping of work results for the purpose of sustainable and stable development of agricultural, industrial and other sectors of the regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

His research interests include: environmental studies using geographic information systems (GIS) and their application in environmental monitoring. The use of geodetic measurements, photogrammetry, data processing from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and remote sensing to analyze environmental changes is a powerful tool for ecosystem assessment and monitoring.

The integration of these various methods and technologies allows the creation of detailed maps and models of the environment that can be used to assess the state of ecosystems, identify changes in agricultural fields, forests, urban infrastructure and other natural environments. It also allows you to track the dynamics of changes and their impact on the environment.

The modern park of devices in the laboratory meets all requirements, all means of equipment are included in the state register of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Technical equipment consists of basic and portable measuring instruments: Mavic 3 multispectral quadcopter with DRTK station base; Spectra Precision 85 geodetic GNSS receiver; Agisoft, ArcGIS, QGIS, ENVI software for monitoring and processing remote sensing and UAV data. These devices allow you to solve the following tasks:

• determination of basic indicators of the state of the environment, such as air quality, water, soil, pollution levels, etc.;
• development of methods for collecting data and monitoring changes based on geodetic measurements, photogrammetry, data from UAVs and remote sensing;
• analysis of remote sensing data and images obtained from unmanned aerial vehicles to identify changes in the physical, geographical and landscape cover;
• creation of digital maps and models of ecosystems using GIS to visualize and analyze the state of ecosystems;

The main areas of research:

• analysis of the dynamics of changes in the environment under the influence of human activity and natural processes;
• identification and classification of landscape elements and their changes under the influence of anthropogenic and natural processes;
• Using spatial data analysis to identify trends and patterns of change in different regions;
• the use of GIS for the integration and analysis of data on biological diversity, species composition and zoning of ecosystems;
• development of methods for assessing the resilience of ecosystems to anthropogenic and natural changes and their potential consequences.

The objects of the study are various regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan, where the analysis and monitoring of the state of the environment are carried out in order to develop and implement effective strategies for managing natural resources and environmental protection.

1. Research results: thematic maps of a large scale of 1:200,000 in the Almaty region have been developed; (soil-geomorphological, landscape, physico-geographical, geomorphological, hydrological, climatic).

2. The agro-landscape map of the Almaty region with a scale of 1:25,000 is classified at the level of tract, sub-tract and facies, and the options for using GIS technology for each level are determined;

3. The purpose of using GIS technology algorithms in mapping slope steepness and exposure of landscape units classified at the facies level on a scale of 1:25,000 is determined;

4. The risks of water erosion in agricultural landscapes at the level of facies with light chestnut and dark chestnut soils have been determined.

The laboratory staff carries out research work throughout the republic. An electronic database of physico-chemical and geochemical information is also being created as the basis for complex monitoring observations and forecasting the development of environmentally hazardous processes.

Under the joint influence of human activities and climate change, there are evident ecological and environmental issues in Central Asia, such as drought, water scarcity, fragile ecosystems, and land degradation. These factors pose serious threats to the region's ecological security and sustainable development. Ecological environment monitoring serves as a crucial pillar for the construction of ecological civilization. As a key technology within the integrated monitoring system encompassing celestial and terrestrial domains, remote sensing monitoring is important in establishing a robust ecological environment monitoring network in Central Asia.

On May 19, 2023, XIEG signed a cooperation agreement with the Al-Farabi Kazakh National University to build the “China-Kazakhstan Joint Laboratory for Remote Sensing Technology and Application”, at the Consulate General of the Republic of Kazakhstan in Xi’an, China. It was included in the list of achievements of the First China-Central Asia Summit and received significant attention from the governments of China and Kazakhstan.

Offical launching opening ceremomy held on 27 March 2024 in Almaty at the Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, where Leaders and representatives of both parts met up and signed an agreement, where highlighted the role and importance of the laboratory.

Objectives of the Joint Laboratory: China and Kazakhstan will leverage their technological advantages in satellite remote sensing to establish a regional ecological environment monitoring and early warning system that is internationally competitive. This will be achieved through the utilization of remote sensing monitoring, ground observation networks, comprehensive survey and verification by UAV, and other methods. By pooling resources and promoting co-construction and sharing, a high-level international platform will be built in the field of resources and ecological environment for China and Kazakhstan, and even for China and Central Asia. This platform will provide strong scientific and technological support for advancing the construction of the Green Silk Road and promoting regional sustainable development.

The research directions of the joint laboratory are as follows:

1. Remote Sensing Image Processing and Information Extraction: Research multi-scale and multi-platform remote sensing data processing and information extraction.

2. Ground Monitoring and Product Validation: Establish quantitative inversion models of ecological remote sensing parameters and validate inversion accuracy.

3. Data Products and Sharing Platform Construction: Integrate multi-source data to build an ecological monitoring big data platform.

4. Remote Sensing and GIS Applications in Various Fields in Central Asia: This includes ecological environment monitoring and ecological security assessment, agricultural resources survey and dynamic monitoring, disaster monitoring and early warning, grassland environment monitoring, health diagnosis and assessment of carbon sink potential, as well as the monitoring, pattern, and governance of land degradation processes.