Sustainable cities and towns. Toponymy of the native land. The history of renaming.

First-year students of the Faculty of International Relations (teacher S.A. Turbekova) prepared an oral presentationabout the cities of Almaty and Astana in accordance with the training program. For them, knowing the history of the capitals is useful not only for their general horizons. She helps: • Understand the history of countries, as the relocation of the capital is often associated with wars, political changes, economic development or the desire to strengthen power. •Better understand the modern world. Why, for example, the capital is not located in the largest city of the country,becomes clearer from history. The history of capitals shows how borders, states, and centers of influence have changed. •Develop your mindset. Comparing different capitals, it is easier to see patterns: why some cities became centers of trade,while others became military fortresses or administrative centers. The students demonstrated the ability to search and analyze information, as well as the use of language constructions typical of different functional and semantic types of speech.

The students demonstrated their ability to research and analyze information, as well as their command of linguistic structures characteristic of various functional-semantic types of speech.